Importing modules from a subdirectory in Python
This tutorial will explain various ways to import modules from subdirectories in Python. Suppose we have a file in a subdirectory of our project directory and we want to import this file and use its methods in our code.
We can import files in Python by declaring a subdirectory as a package. This way Python will treat it as a package and we can import files in that directory. Another option can be to add the subdirectory to PYTHONPATHthe environment variable, which is the path where Python looks for packages to import by default. The details and usage of these methods are given below.
__init__.pyImport a module from a subdirectory
in Python using
__init__.pyThe file is used to declare a directory as a package. __init__.pyThe file prevents Python from mixing up directories with the same name, so in order to distinguish a simple directory from a package, __init__.pythe file is used.
__init__.pyThe file can be empty or contain the code needed to initialize the package and a list of modules that the package needs to import, which __all__is represented by the variable.
Once __init__.pythe file is added to the subdirectory, we can import the file from the subdirectory as shown in the example code below.
import subdirectory.myfile
sys.path.insert()Import a module from a subdirectory
in Python using the
Another way to import files from a subdirectory is to add that directory to PYTHONPATH. PYTHONPATHis an environment variable that contains the path to the directories that Python searches for import packages.
So if we sys.path.insert()add a subdirectory PYTHONPATHto using the method, Python will first look for PYTHONPATHthe directory in and import it from there.
sys.path.insert()The method will insert the subdirectory into the sys.pathor PYTHONPATHvariable, which contains the list of directories that Python will search to import the required modules.
The following sample code demonstrates how to use sys.path.insert()the method to import a file from a subdirectory.
import myfile
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, "./subdirectory")
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