在 Docker 中更改工作目录命令
在 Docker 中,如果我们没有创建和启动容器并且没有在容器的 shell 中执行,我们就无法无缝地运行终端命令。 这些命令的一个示例是更改工作目录。
如果我们需要在特定目录中安装组件,则更改工作目录是必不可少的。 本文将讨论在 Docker 中更改工作目录的方法。
在 Docker 中更改工作目录
我们将处理的以下命令不是主要命令,而是我们在准备 Dockerfile 时将使用的条目。 如果我们还记得的话,我们可以在运行 docker build 命令时使用 Dockerfile 自动创建容器。
在下一节中,我们将讨论两种通过 Dockerfile 更改工作目录的方法。
使用 RUN 命令
我们可以使用 RUN 命令运行终端脚本。 然后,在我们的 Dockerfile 中,我们可以插入如下所示的条目来更改我们的工作目录。
RUN cd /dev
在运行其他命令之前,我们可以使用 cd
命令更改工作目录。 但是,我们不需要向 Dockerfile 添加新的 RUN 条目来运行多个命令。
我们可以只用一个 RUN 行来使用和附加各种命令。
示例代码:
RUN cd /dev && git clone sample.git && pip install -r requirements.txt
我们可以使用 AND (&&) 运算符运行多个命令。 例如,以下命令只有在其后面的前一个命令成功时才会运行。
在这种情况下,如果 git clone 命令失败,我们的 pip install
命令将不会执行。 但是,如果我们更改容器内的工作目录,则有一种更直接的方法。
使用 WORKDIR 命令
与 RUN 命令一样,我们可以在 Dockerfile 中添加 WORKDIR 命令,以便在容器启动并运行后更改工作目录。
WORKDIR "/dev"
在为 Docker 编写构建文件时,WORKDIR 命令被认为是 Dockerfile 的最佳实践。 发生这种情况是因为上述命令更容易阅读和区分容器上执行的命令。
WORKDIR "/dev"
RUN git clone sample.git && pip install -r requirements.txt
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